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Sara G Dosil
1Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
2Intercellular Communication in the Inflammatory Response. Vascular Pathophysiology Area, National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
3Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Sheila Lopez-Cobo
4Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
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Ana Rodriguez-Galan
1Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
2Intercellular Communication in the Inflammatory Response. Vascular Pathophysiology Area, National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
3Universidad Autónoma de
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Kwara State
State of Nigeria
"Kwara" redirects here. For other uses, see Kwara (disambiguation).
State in North Central, Nigeria
Kwara (Yoruba: Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwárà) is a state in Western Nigeria, bordered to the east by Kogi State, to the north by Niger State, and to the south by Ekiti, Osun, and Oyo states, while its western border makes up part of the international border with Benin.[5][6] Its capital is the city of Ilorin and the state has 16 local government areas.
Of the 36 states of Nigeria, Kwara is the ninth largest in area but the sixth least populous with an estimated population of about million as of [7] Geographically, Kwara is split between the West Sudanian savanna in the east and the Guinean forest–savanna mosaicecoregion in the rest of the state. Important geographic features include rivers with the Niger flowing along the northern border into Lake Jeba before continuing as the border while the Awun, Asa, Aluko, and Oyun rivers flo
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Abstract
Intercellular communication orchestrates effective immune responses against disease‐causing agents. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potent mediators of cell–cell communication. EVs carry bioactive molecules, including microRNAs, which modulate gene expression and function in the recipient cell. Here, we show that formation of cognate primary T‐B lymphocyte immune contacts promotes transfer of a very restricted set of T‐cell EV‐microRNAs (mmu‐miR20‐a‐5p, mmu‐miR‐25‐3p, and mmu‐miR‐‐3p) to the B cell. Transferred EV‐microRNAs mål key genes that control B‐cell function, including pro‐apoptotic BIM and the fängelse cycle regulator PTEN. EV‐microRNAs transferred during T‐B cognate interactions also promote survival, proliferation, and antibody class switching. Using mouse chimeras with Rab27KO EV‐deficient T cells, we demonstrate that the transfer of small EVs fryst vatten required for germinal center reaction and antibody production in vivo, revealing a mechanism that controls B‐cell